The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the best-known worldwide conservation status listing and ranking system. Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into groups set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation.
The conservation status of a species indicates whether the species exists and how likely the group is to become extinct in the near future. Many factors are taken into account when assessing conservation status: not simply the number of individuals remaining, but the overall increase or decrease in the population over time, breeding success rates, and known threats.
Also see the Official list of Threatened and Endangered Birds of Peru
Most birds in Peru fall into the category of Least Concern (LC). A total of 122 species are classified as threatened with 8 critically endangered (CR), 33 Endangered (EN), and 81 Vulnerable (VU).
Conservation Status
- Extinct (EX) – No known individuals remaining.
- Extinct in the wild (EW) – Known only to survive in captivity, or as a naturalized population outside its historic range.
- Critically endangered (CR) – Extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
- Endangered (EN) – High risk of extinction in the wild.
- Vulnerable (VU) – High risk of endangerment in the wild.
- Near threatened (NT) – Likely to become endangered in the near future.
- Least concern (LC) – Lowest risk. Does not qualify for a higher risk category. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category.
CRITICALLY ENDANGERED | |||
Common Name | Nombre Commun | Species | |
White-winged Guan | Pava de Ala Blanca | Penelope albipennis | CR |
Junin Grebe | Zambullidor de Junín | Podiceps taczanowskii | CR |
Waved Albatross | Albatros de las Galápagos | Phoebastria irrorata | CR |
Galapagos Petrel | Petrel de las Galápagos | Pterodroma phaeopygia | CR |
White-bellied Cinclodes | Churrete de Vientre Blanco | Cinclodes palliatus | CR |
Maranon Spinetail | Cola-Espina del Marañón | Synallaxis maranonica | CR |
Royal Cinclodes | Churrete Real | Cinclodes aricomae | CR |
Iquitos Gnatcatcher | Perlita de Iquitos | Polioptila clementsi | CR |
ENDAGERED | |||
Sira Curassow | Paujil del Sira | Pauxi unicornis | EN |
Wattled Curassow | Paujil Carunculado | Crax globulosa | EN |
Titicaca Grebe | Zambullidor del Titicaca | Rollandia microptera | EN |
Peruvian Diving-petrel | Potoyunco Peruano | Pelecanoides garnotii | EN |
Grey-backed Hawk | Gavilán de Dorso Gris | Leucopternis occidentalis | EN |
Junin Rail (*1) | Gallineta de Junin | Laterallus tuerosi | EN |
Peruvian Tern | Peruvian Tern | Sterna lorata | EN |
Long-whiskered Owlet | Lechucita Bigotona | Xenoglaux loweryi | EN |
Purple-backed Sunbeam | Rayo-de-Sol de Dorso Púrpura | Aglaeactis aliciae | EN |
Royal Sunangel | Angel-del-Sol Real | Heliangelus regalis | EN |
Grey-bellied Comet | Cometa de Vientre Gris | Taphrolesbia griseiventris | EN |
Marvellous Spatuletail | Colibrí Cola de Espátula | Loddigesia mirabilis | EN |
Chilean Woodstar | Estrellita Chilena | Eulidia yarrellii | EN |
Yellow-browed Toucanet | Tucancillo de Ceja Amarilla | Aulacorhynchus huallagae | EN |
Speckle-chested Piculet | Carpinterito de Pecho Jaspeado | Picumnus steindachneri | EN |
Grey-cheeked Parakeet | Perico de Mejilla Gris | Brotogeris pyrrhoptera | EN |
Ash-throated Antwren | Hormiguerito de Garganta Ceniza | Herpsilochmus parkeri | EN |
Yellow-rumped Antwren | Hormiguerito de Lomo Amarillo | Terenura sharpei | EN |
Jocotoco Antpitta | Tororoi Jocotoco | Grallaria ridgelyi | EN |
Ochre-fronted Antpitta | Tororoi de Frente Ocrácea | Grallaricula ochraceifrons | EN |
White-browed Tit-spinetail | Tijeral de Ceja Blanca | Leptasthenura xenothorax | EN |
Blackish-headed Spinetail | Cola-Espina de Cabeza Negruzca | Synallaxis tithys | EN |
Russet-bellied Spinetail | Cola-Espina de Vientre Rojizo | Synallaxis zimmeri | EN |
Ash-breasted Tit-tyrant | Torito de Pecho Cenizo | Anairetes alpinus | EN |
Rufous Flycatcher | Copetón Rufo | Myiarchus semirufus | EN |
Johnson’s Tody-flycatcher | Espatulilla de Johnson | Poecilotriccus luluae | EN |
Peruvian Plantcutter | Cortarrama Peruano | Phytotoma raimondii | EN |
Slaty Becard | Cabezón Pizarroso | Pachyramphus spodiurus | EN |
Golden-backed Mountain-tanager | Tangara-de-Montaña de Dorso Dorado | Buthraupis aureodorsalis | EN |
Plain-tailed Warbling-finch | Monterita de Cola Simple | Poospiza alticola | EN |
Rufous-breasted Warbling-finch | Monterita de Pecho Rufo | Poospiza rubecula | EN |
Black-spectacled Brush-finch | Matorralero de Anteojos Negros | Atlapetes melanopsis | EN |
Selva Cacique | Cacique de Koepcke | Cacicus koepckeae | EN |
VULNERABLE | |||
Black Tinamou | Perdiz Negra | Tinamus osgoodi | VU |
Grey Tinamou | Perdiz Gris | Tinamus tao | VU |
Hooded Tinamou | Perdiz de Cabeza Negra | Nothocercus nigrocapillus | VU |
Taczanowski’s Tinamou | Perdiz de Taczanowski | Nothoprocta taczanowskii | VU |
Rufous-headed Chachalaca | Chachalaca de Cabeza Rufa | Ortalis erythroptera | VU |
Bearded Guan | Pava Barbada | Penelope barbata | VU |
Blue-throated Piping-guan | Pava de Garganta Azul | Pipile cumanensis | VU |
Andean Flamingo | Parina Grande | Phoenicoparrus andinus | VU |
Humboldt Penguin | Pingüino de Humboldt | Spheniscus humboldti | VU |
Chatham Albatross | Albatros de Chatham | Thalassarche eremita | VU |
Salvin’s Albatross | Albatros de Salvin | Thalassarche salvini | VU |
Parkinson’s Petrel | Petrel de Parkinson | Procellaria parkinsoni | VU |
White-chinned Petrel | Petrel de Mentón Blanco | Procellaria aequinoctialis | VU |
Cook’s Petrel | Petrel de Cook | Pterodroma cookii | VU |
Buller’s Shearwater | Albatros de Buller | Puffinus bulleri | VU |
Pink-footed Shearwater | Pardela de Pata Rosada | Puffinus creatopus | VU |
Agami Heron | Garza de Pecho Castaño | Agamia agami | VU |
Black-and-chestnut Eagle | Aguila Negra y Castaña | Spizaetus isidori | VU |
Peruvian Pigeon | Paloma Peruana | Patagioenas oenops | VU |
Ruddy Pigeon | Paloma Rojiza | Patagioenas subvinacea | VU |
Ochre-bellied Dove | Paloma de Vientre Ocráceo | Leptotila ochraceiventris | VU |
Sapphire Quail-dove | Paloma-Perdiz Zafiro | Geotrygon saphirina | VU |
Ecuadorian Piedtail | Cola-pintada Ecuatoriano | Phlogophilus hemileucurus | VU |
Pink-throated Brilliant | Brillante de Garganta Rosada | Heliodoxa gularis | VU |
Little Woodstar | Estrellita Chica | Chaetocercus bombus | VU |
Coppery-chested Jacamar | Jacamar de Pecho Cobrizo | Galbula pastazae | VU |
Scarlet-banded Barbet | Barbudo de Franja Escarlata | Capito wallacei | VU |
Black-mandibled Toucan | Tucán de Mandibula Negra | Ramphastos ambiguus | VU |
Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet | Periquito de Ala Roja | Touit huetii | VU |
Yellow-faced Parrotlet | Yellow-faced Parrotlet | Periquito de Cara Amarilla | VU |
Spot-winged Parrotlet | Periquito de Ala Punteada | Touit stictopterus | VU |
Golden-plumed Parakeet | Perico de Mejilla Dorada | Leptosittaca branickii | VU |
Red-faced Parrot | Loro de Cara Roja | Hapalopsittaca pyrrhops | VU |
White-bellied Parrot | Loro de Vientre Blanco | Pionites leucogaster | VU |
Festive Amazon | Loro de Lomo Rojo | Amazona festiva | VU |
Blue-headed Macaw | Guacamayo de Cabeza Azúl | Primolius couloni | VU |
Military Macaw | Guacamayo Militar | Ara militaris | VU |
Yellow-breasted Antwren | Hormiguerito de Pecho Amarillo | Herpsilochmus axillaris | VU |
Lined Antshrike | Batará Listado | Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus | VU |
Black-tailed Antbird | Hormiguero de Cola Negra | Myrmoborus melanurus | VU |
Grey-headed Antbird | Hormiguero de Cabeza Gris | Myrmeciza griseiceps | VU |
Ash-breasted Antbird | Hormiguero de Pecho Cenizo | Myrmoborus lugubris | VU |
Allpahuayo Antbird | Hormiguero de Allpahuayo | Percnostola arenarum | VU |
White-streaked Antvireo | Batarito Rayado de Blanco | Dysithamnus leucostictus | VU |
Rusty-tinged Antpitta | Tororoi Rojizo | Grallaria przewalskii | VU |
Russet-mantled Softtail | Cola-Suave de Manto Rojizo | Thripophaga berlepschi | VU |
Great Spinetail | Cola-Espina Grande | Siptornopsis hypochondriaca | VU |
Chestnut-backed Thornbird | Batará de Dorso Castaño | Phacellodomus dorsalis | VU |
Rufous-necked Foliage-gleaner | Limpia-Follaje de Cuello Rufo | Syndactyla ruficollis | VU |
Henna-hooded Foliage-gleaner | Hoja-Rasquero de Capucha Rufa | Hylocryptus erythrocephalus | VU |
Puna Thistletail | Cola-Cardo de la Puna | Asthenes helleri | VU |
Ash-browed Spinetail | Cola-Espina de Ceja Ceniza | Cranioleuca curtata | VU |
Marcapata Spinetail | Cola-Espina de Marcapata | Cranioleuca marcapatae | VU |
Apurimac Spinetail | Cola-Espina de Apurímac | Synallaxis courseni | VU |
Cinnamon-breasted Tody-tyrant | Tirano-Todi de Pecho Canela | Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus | VU |
Red-billed Tyrannulet | Moscareta de Pico Rojo | Zimmerius cinereicapilla | VU |
Yungas Tyrannulet | Moscareta de Yungas | Phyllomyias weedeni | VU |
Mishana Tyrannulet | Moscareta de Mishana | Zimmerius villarejoi | VU |
Foothill Elaenia | Fío-Fío Submontano | Myiopagis olallai | VU |
Lemon-browed Flycatcher | Mosquero de Ceja Limón | Conopias cinchoneti | VU |
Rufous Twistwing | Alitorcido Pardusco | Cnipodectes superrufus | VU |
Pacific Royal Flycatcher (*2) | Mosquero Real | Onychorhynchus occidentalis | VU |
Grey-breasted Flycatcher | Mosquerito de Pecho Gris | Lathrotriccus griseipectus | VU |
White-tailed Shrike-tyrant | Arriero de Cola Blanca | Agriornis albicauda | VU |
Ochraceous Attila | Atila Ocráceo | Attila torridus | VU |
White-cheeked Cotinga | Cotinga de Mejilla Blanca | Zaratornis stresemanni | VU |
Scimitar-winged Piha | Piha Ala-de-Cimatarra | Lipaugus uropygialis | VU |
Bay-vented Cotinga | Cotinga de Subcaudales Bayas | Doliornis sclateri | VU |
Peruvian Martin | Martín Peruano | Progne murphyi | VU |
Masked Mountain-tanager | Tangara-de-Montaña Enmascarada | Buthraupis wetmorei | VU |
Orange-throated Tanager | Tangara de Garganta Naranja | Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron | VU |
White-capped Tanager | Mirlo Acuático de Gorro Blanco | Sericossypha albocristata | VU |
Straw-backed Tanager | Tangara de Garganta Verde | Tangara argyrofenges | VU |
Rufous-browed Hemispingus | Hemispingo de Ceja Rufa | Hemispingus rufosuperciliaris | VU |
Pearly-breasted Conebill | Pico-de-Cono de Pecho Perlado | Conirostrum margaritae | VU |
Tamarugo Conebill | Pico-de-Cono de los Tamarugales | Conirostrum tamarugense | VU |
Grey-winged Inca-finch | Fringilo-Inca de Ala Gris | Incaspiza ortizi | VU |
Black-masked Finch | Pinzón Enmascarado | Coryphaspiza melanotis | VU |
Large-billed Seed-finch | Semillero de Pico Grande | Sporophila crassirostris | VU |
Cerulean Warbler | Reinita Cerúlea | Dendroica cerulea | VU |
Saffron Siskin | Jilguero Azafranado | Carduelis siemiradzkii | VU |
(*1): Remsen et al. (2014), considers Laterallus tuerosi a sub-species of Laterallus jamaicensis.
(*2): Remsen et al. ( 2014), Considers Onychorhynchus occidentalis a subspecies of Onychorhynchus coronatus.
References:
- Remsen, J. V., Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, J. Perez-Emán, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 26, May 2014. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists’ Union. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html
- BirdLife International (2014) Country profile: Peru. Available from: http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/country/peru. Checked: 2014-07-05
- The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2014.1. http://www.iucnredlist.org/